| 
        4.1
       | 
        This is a building contract in which the total price payable for 
        the Building Work is not fixed, specified, or known at the time of 
        entering into the Contract. Instead, the progress payments and the 
        Final Contract Price are to be calculated by reference to the actual 
        costs incurred by the Builder in carrying out the Building Work, plus a 
        Margin for the Builder’s Off-site Overheads and profit. The Parties may 
        have chosen to enter into this form of building contract for any number 
        of reasons, including that it is too difficult for the Builder and/or 
        the Owner to accurately predict the precise scope of the Building Work 
        at the outset, or the Building Work involves innovative systems or 
        materials the cost of which is largely unknown, or to avoid the 
        administrative burden of having to recalculate a fixed contract price 
        each time a component of the work changes, or simply because it is 
        their preference to do so. While this inevitably involves some 
        uncertainty as to what the Final Contract Price will eventually amount 
        to, it has the advantage that at the conclusion of the Building Work 
        the Owner will have become liable to pay no more and no less than the 
        value of the Building Work and materials the Owner has actually 
        received.
       | 
| 
        4.2
       | 
        The progress payments and the Final Contract Price payable to the 
        Builder shall therefore be calculated by reference to the hours of work 
        expended by the Builder and the Builder’s employees and contractors in 
        carrying out the Building Work, plus the materials and other direct 
        costs incurred by the Builder in carrying out the Building Work, using 
        the rates set out in Part F of the Schedule. Onto those amounts shall 
        then be added the Margins for the Builder’s Off-site Overheads and 
        profit, calculated by reference to the percentages shown in Part F of 
        the Schedule.
       | 
| 
        4.3
       | 
        The Builder shall be entitled to charge for and recover all costs 
        that the Builder would not have incurred but for the Building Work, and 
        that are reasonably necessary to carry out the Building Work to the 
        standard required by this Contract, plus the relevant Builder’s 
        Margins. Those costs include (without limitation):
       | 
| 
       | 
        a.
       | 
        The Builder’s own labour and labour performed by the Builder’s 
        employees and contractors.
       | 
| 
       | 
        b.
       | 
        Products or services from subcontractors or specialist trades.
       | 
| 
       | 
        c.
       | 
        Professional advice such as architecture and engineering.
       | 
| 
       | 
        d.
       | 
        Building materials and consumables.
       | 
| 
       | 
        e.
       | 
        Hireage of tools, plant, equipment, appliances or vehicles.
       | 
| 
        4.4
       | 
        The cost of labour shall be calculated using the labour rates 
        set out in Part F of the Schedule, or where no rates have been 
        specified in any particular case, at the prevailing market rates for 
        the personnel in question. The labour rates set out in Part F of the 
        Schedule apply to normal working hours and days, and in calculating 
        working hours no deduction shall be made for work breaks that are 
        reasonably necessary for the consumption of food or beverages or to 
        ensure the continued health, safety, productivity and efficiency of 
        the relevant personnel. Where in order to comply with the Builder’s 
        obligations under this Contract it is reasonably necessary for the 
        Builder and/or the Builder’s employees and subcontractors to carry 
        out Building Work outside of normal working hours or on weekends or 
        public holidays, and the Builder is required to pay penal or 
        overtime rates as a result, those penal or overtime rates shall be 
        included in the calculation of the cost of the Building Work.
       | 
| 
        4.5
       | 
        All the costs of the Building Work apart from labour shall be 
        calculated by reference to the invoice issued to the Builder for the 
        relevant item, or if no invoice was issued, by reference to what the 
        Builder actually paid. Where such costs cannot be separately identified 
        or accurately ascertained through timesheets, invoices or otherwise, 
        the cost of those items shall be calculated having regard to the 
        prevailing market price for the relevant items.
       | 
| 
        4.6
       | 
        The rates set out in Part F of the Schedule shall be adjusted for 
        any increase in the rates charged by subcontractors that could not 
        reasonably have been foreseen by the Builder at the time this Contract 
        is signed by the Builder, and which would otherwise have the effect of 
        eroding the Builder’s profit margin. The Builder must be able to 
        substantiate the increase by reference to written evidence such as 
        quotations, communications or invoices from the relevant subcontractor, 
        clearly demonstrating the rates that were first advised to the Builder 
        when Part F of the Schedule was completed, and the rates subsequently 
        charged. The Builder shall whenever reasonably practicable, resist any 
        rate increases and procure subcontracts on the basis of fixed rates 
        that cannot be increased during the course of the Building Work.
       | 
| 
        4.7
       | 
        If any of the subcontractor rates set out in Part F of the Schedule 
        decrease for any reason (other than rebates or discounts provided to 
        the Builder as a result of such factors as loyalty, volume of business, 
        enticement to form a new or long term trading relationship, or 
        membership of a trade association or cooperative company), the 
        decreased rate(s) shall be used in the calculation of all progress 
        payments and the Final Contract Price from the time that the decrease 
        takes effect.
       | 
| 
        4.8
       | 
        Either prior or subsequent to the Parties entering into this 
        Contract, the Builder may have given or may give to the Owner or the 
        Owner’s representative(s) an estimate, indication, projection, guess, 
        intimation, prediction or similar communication (together referred to 
        as an “estimate”) as to what the Final Contract Price or any component 
        of it is likely to turn out to be. It is common for building owners to 
        request an estimate and it is common for builders, in good faith and 
        out of a desire to be helpful, to comply with that request, or indeed 
        to offer an estimate unsolicited. The Parties acknowledge that even the 
        most carefully calculated estimate can in hindsight prove to be grossly 
        pessimistic or optimistic, and it is impossible for the Builder to 
        accurately predict what the final outcome of the Project will be, given 
        that so many factors are outside the Builder’s control.
       | 
| 
        4.9
       | 
        The Parties have chosen this form of contract rather than a fixed 
        price contract because they have agreed that the Final Contract Price 
        will be determined by the hours of work and the materials and other 
        direct costs that are ultimately involved, and the margin applied to 
        those items. By definition, those hours and those costs cannot be known 
        in advance. The Parties therefore expressly record that any such 
        estimate that may have been or may be provided by the Builder – 
        assuming the Builder used the term “estimate” or some reasonably 
        equivalent expression – shall only represent the Builder’s best guess, 
        based on the Builder’s experience and what the Builder knows about the 
        Project itself to date. The Builder agrees to take reasonable care in 
        calculating any estimate that may be given, and to keep the Owner 
        regularly informed, by the provision of periodic invoices or otherwise, 
        of the amount paid and payable to the Builder in respect of the 
        Building Work at any given time.
       | 
| 
        4.10
       | 
        A price estimate is fundamentally different from an undertaking, 
        promise, commitment, statement, assurance, warranty or representation 
        (together referred to as a “representation”) that the total contract 
        price will amount to, or will not exceed, a stated or fixed sum. If 
        the Builder has given such a representation, then that will bind the 
        Builder in accordance with its terms. However the representation must 
        be reasonably inferred from the wording used. For example if either of 
        the Parties has, without full knowledge of the legal significance, 
        mistakenly described an estimate as a “quote” or used some other 
        wording that might suggest a representation that would be enforceable 
        in law, then that will not constitute a representation if the Parties 
        did not intend it to have that effect.
       |